

How have sanctions impacted Russia?
In this paper we assess both the immediate economic impact and the likely longer-term impact of sanctions on the Russian economy. 26...


A new European tool to deal with unjustified rising spreads
The European Central Bank needs a new tool to prevent the current rise in spreads, triggered by monetary policy tightening, from...


A sanctions counter measure: gas payments to Russia in rubles
A requirement for gas to be paid for in rubles is a way for Russia to side-step central bank sanctions. See my full blog here, (with...


